NASW Celebrates Black History Month 2005!

This month, NASW celebrates the special contributions African Americans have made to the social work profession, and to the entire nation. For your review, we have included a few biographies of historic figures, featured books from the NASW Press, as well as a brief history of the origin of Black History Month.

The Origin of Black History Month

Carter G. Woodson (1875 - 1950)

Many people ask why Black History Month is in February. February was chosen because this was the month when slaves finally heard the news of passage of the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery. The amendment itself passed in January, 1926. Carter Godwin Woodson, an American historian, founded negro history week in February,1926.

Carter G. Woodson was born on December 19, 1875 in New Canton, Va. He opened the field of black studies to scholars and also popularized the field in the schools and colleges of blacks. To focus attention on black contributions to civilization, he founded Negro History Week, which later evolved into Black History Month.

Carter was born of a poor family. He supported himself by working in the coal mines of Kentucky and was thus unable to enroll in high school until he was 20. After graduating in less than two years, he taught high school, wrote articles, studied at home and abroad, and received his Ph.D. from Harvard University (1912). In 1915 he founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History to encourage scholars to engage in the intensive study of the past as it related to Africans and their descendants through the world. Prior to this work, the field had been largely neglected or distorted in the hands of historians who accepted the traditionally biased picture of blacks in American and world affairs. In 1916 Woodson edited the first issue of the association's principal scholarly publication, The Journal of Negro History, which, under his direction, remained an important historical periodical for more than 30 years.

Woodson was dean of the College of Liberal Arts and head of the graduate faculty at Howard University, Washington, D.C. (1919-20), and dean at West Virginia State College, Institute, W.Va. (1920-22). While there, he founded and became president of Associated Publishers to bring out books on black life and culture, since experience had shown him that the usual publishing outlets were rarely interested in scholarly works on blacks.

Important works by Woodson include the widely consulted college text The Negro in Our History (1922; 10th ed., 1962); The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861 (1915); and A Century of Negro Migration (1918). He was at work on a projected six-volume Encyclopedia Africana at the time of his death. Woodson died on April 3, 1950, in Washington, D.C.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Jacqueline Goggin, Carter G. Woodson: A Life in Black History (1993).

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